describe the emergence of the Christian community in Korea.
explain why Christianity gained more adherents in (South) Korea than in other East Asian nations.
Reading number and Title
Period being addressed
Three major (the power of three, sometimes you get two sometimes four) points drawn from this period
1. Origins of Christianity
1600-1800
-First Korean contact with Roman Catholicism was from Hideyoshi and his troops.
-Yi Sunghun(Peter) brought Christianity to Korea in 1784
-Created the first Christian Church.
2. Growth of Christianity
- 23,000 Christians
3. Introduction of Protestantism, Christianity
1880s-1910s
4. Korean Christianity Under Japanese Occupation
1910-1945
-Japanese
5. Korean Christianity
1945-Today
- After Korean War, people were exhausted but Christianity missionaries helped the people out by providing shelter.
- 1978, 6.5million / Today 21million
1. In Han Fei's ideal state what is the supreme governing authority, the will of the ruler or the law? In Han Fei's ideal state, the supreme governing authority is the will of the law. This is shown through The quotes, “To govern the state by law is to praise the right and blame the wrong” and "the intelligent sovereign makes the law select men and makes no arbitrary promotion himself"shows that the law was more powerful than the ruler, and it was the law that chose the ruler
2. What are the "Two Handles" and how important are they to a legalist state? Why must the sovereign never surrender control over the two handles? The "Two Handles" are chastisement and commendation. This is very important to a legalist state to maintain order. The two handles allows the sovereign to have ultimate power and control the society. Therefore the sovereign must never surrender over the two handles because, without it the political and social stability will be weakened.
3.What roles do individuality and private initiative play in Han Fei's ideal state? Individuality and private initiative play serves to keep order in the society.If one individual possesses good qualities they will be rewarded, and if not, they shall be punished. This idea is the same as the "Two Handles" giving chastisement and commendation.
4.Why do you think Legalism appealed to some people? Legalism appeals to some people because of its fairness. In this system, if one does something wrong they will be punished and if one behaves well, they will be rewarded. This system is fair since, it applies to everyone in the society, so there is no distinction between the people from the upper and lower classes.
5.Imagine a series of conversations among a Daoist, a Confucian, and a Legalist. How would each respond on the following issues: What is the purpose of good government? What role does morality play in formulating law? What are the qualities of a superior ruler? The proposition "Might makes right." A Daoists would respond by saying that the purpose of good government is to bring peace, by the government taking no action. The qualities of the superior ruler would be someone who values Wu-Wei greatly and has a simple mind. The morality plays no role in formulating a law
A Confucian would say that the purpose of good government is to govern people well by setting an good example by practicing morals in front of people. Morality play in formulating law by the relationships and respect between the people. The qualities of a superior ruler would be intelligence.
A Legalist would say that the purpose of a good government is enforcing laws and keeping the society stable. Morality depends heavily in formulating law and there is reward and punishment for the people. Qualities of a superior ruler would be strictness, fair and intelligent.
Essential Quotes of Taoism: 1. In Lectures on the Tao Teh Ching, Lao-Tzu says, that, "The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels". Does this quote have an equivalent to in Christianity? Are there other parts of the Tao Teh Ching that remind you of Christian ideals?
The quote “The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels” relates to Christianity because this idea is similar to Heaven and Hell in Christianity. The quote, “that which has no name is the origin of heaven and earth” shows the presence of God, since God doesn’t have a name. 2. See Passage 2, "Not honoring men....Not wanting rare things...Not paying attention..." How are does this help one understand how Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism found common ground and were not mutually exclusive belief systems?
This passage helps understand that Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism have common ideas. This passage shows how the three philosophies can coexist in a society by having a compromise between their beliefs. From the passage,"Not honoring men" is a Confucianism idea, "Not wanting rare things" is a Buddhist teaching and "Not paying attention" is Taoism teaching. 3. In Passage 2, what do you think is meant by the lines, "relaxing the mind, reinforcing the abdomen, gentling the will, strengthening the bones"?
I think the lines mean that one needs to have a relaxed mind, reinforced abdomen, gentle will and strengthened bones in order to achieve Inner Peace.This passage is a example of how Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism can be found common ground but not mutually exclusive belief systems. This is because, "relaxing the mind" is from Taoism, "reinforcing the abdomen" is from Confucianism's idea of gaining knowledge, "gentling the will" refers to Buddhism, however, in Buddhism this concept is stated as having no desire and not just gentling it. Last of all, "Strengthening the bones" refers to Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism focusing on Inner Peace within the body. 4. Consider the last three entries from D.C. Lau's Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu describes government. How is this ideal different from Confucius' ideal? What present day system of government are you reminded of when you read this section? Do you think this is a good system? Explain.
The entries from Tao Te Ching describing the government is different from Confucius’ ideal because, Confucius believed that a government must set a good example by showing morality and intelligence. Confucianism believed that if a government set a good example the people will all develop and become moral as well, however, Lao Tzu thought the opposite. Lao Tzu believed that peace can be only achieved when a society has no rules and the government is tolerant. Democracy is the type of government that I thought of as I was reading this section and I think this is a good idea because although without the government setting the examples and limiting actions to the people, they can have more freedom and come to peace. 5. Regarding the third treasure that Lao Tzu describes, what do you think is his message? Do you agree? What does this say about people who are ambitious?
I think the message regarding the third treasure is that someone who is modest will be able to achieve what they want to become and I agree with this idea. However, Lao Tzu states that people who are ambitious will fail to succeed since ambition will eventually lead to competition between others who want to achieve the same thing.
Chuang Tzu in dream became a butterfly,
And the butterfly became Chuang Tzu at waking.
Which was the real—the butterfly or the man ?
Who can tell the end of the endless changes of things?
The water that flows into the depth of the distant sea
Returns anon to the shallows of a transparent stream.
The man, raising melons outside the green gate of the city,
Was once the Prince of the East Hill.
So must rank and riches vanish.
You know it, still you toil and toil,—what for?
Why does the author choose a butterfly?
The author chooses the butterfly because butterflies go under metamorphosis, and this is similar to humans since humans go through a development as time passes. They develop from babies to adults. Butterflies brings up the idea related to the cycle of life.
What is the importance of the water cycle?
The water cycle symbolizes how everything is connected together and the size and the quantity doesn't matter since everything possess same qualities, similar with water.
What is the point about the 'man raising melons'?
The point about the man raising melons is that someone in a high rank can end up low. This is shown through raising melons, because this is considered to be done from the lower class. However, the overall message is that the rank or wealth doesn't matter but the happiness or the fullfilness one achieves is the thing that truly matters.
What is the author attempting to convey to the reader?
The author is trying to convey that there is a connection between everything, and working hard and achieving something that everyone desires is pointless and has no value, if you aren't happy with it. Moreover, through the poem the author presents ideas about the cycle of life, and how things change in nature and in people. The Tao of Pooh Discussion Questions and Quotes 1. What is the significance of the painting Hoff describes named The Vinegar Tasters? (2) The significance is that the painting shows a general idea of the three teachings of China. The Vinegar Tasters shows that Confucianism revolves around the idea that current life is more important than the after life, and that life is sour and dissatisfying. Buddhism is about suffering and this is why Buddha is making a bitter face, showing that life is bitter. Last of all, Lao-tse believes that life revolves around harmony and must be satisfied, so he is smiling. 2. What is the theme of life according to Hoff’s interpretation of Taoism? (5-6)
The theme of life according to Hoff's interpretation of Taoism is happiness. Accepting everything that happens in life leads to happiness. Taoism is about thinking in a positive way and learning from life and being happy. 3. How does Hoff explain the “uncarved block” metaphor? (10) Hoff explains the uncarved block as something that is in its original state. Hoff states that original simplicity has power contained within it, and that the power can be spoiled by a change in the simplicity. 4. What is the secret message of the “uncarved block?” (12) The secret message is simplicity, and how simplicity can be good and can accomplish things. 5. What was the main conflict between the Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff? (24) The Tao scholars criticized the Confucianists by saying that they are surrounded by their own walls and that they were dedicating their life only to studies. The Taoists referred the Confucianists as people who weren't living their life correctly and wisely because they were restricted to their own beliefs and learnings, and this limited the uniqueness of the individuals. 6. Which of Milne’s characters represent Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff? The characters Rabbit, Owl and Eeyore represents a Confucianists while the Pooh represented the Taoists. 7. What is Hoff’s opinion of Confucianist scholars? (26) Hoff’s opinion towards the Confucianist scholars are negative. He believes that Confucianists are people who study the knowledge and don't share their learnings to a larger crowd but instead keeps their knowledge in small groups. The Confucianist scholars purposely writes in a difficult style to be understood to prevent the spread of their ideas and knowledge. Moreover, he states that Confucianist scholars are no help to the development to society and that they are not capable of being unique and thinking differently. 8. What does Hoff say about knowledge vs. experience? (29) Hoff says knowledge and experience is different, and he values experience over knowledge. He states that learning earned through experience is more worthy and valuable than just the knowledge of something. 9. What do most scholars blame for problems in the world? Why isn’t it justified? (32)
Most scholars blame the “uncarved block” for all the problems in the world. However, this isn’t justified because most scholars fail to admit that it was their fault and not the “uncarved block.” 10. What is the difference between “cleverness” and “Inner Nature?” (38) Cleverness has limitations, since they are proved inaccurate with passing time. On the other side, Inner Nature doesn't cannot be measured and it can't be understood. 11. Why is it important to discern your own Inner Nature? (41) It is crucial to discern your Inner Nature, since it will allow you to know where you belong and don't belong. By discerning this, you can know what is right and wrong. 12. Explain Hoff’s interpretation of the Chinese quote: “One disease, long life; No disease, short life.” (48) This quote means that people who admit what's wrong and can take care of themselves will live longer than others who consider themselves perfectly healthy, who denies their weakness. This shows that Hoff thinks that the mind people have towards their weakness can affect their lives greatly. 13. What does Hoff mean when he states that we must learn to “work with Things As They Are?” (50) Hoff means that people need to learn to accept the natural qualities of things. He wants us to do recognize the Inner Nature of the things and just leave them the way they are.This shows that Hoff didn't want people to look for answers of questions but instead recognize things that are present. 14. What happens to people who do not listen to their Inner Nature? (57) People who don't listen to their own Inner Nature will not be able to understand much about themselves. Without Inner Nature, these people will have little or no respect for themselves, and therefore they will be easily influenced by others. 15. What is the Way of Self-Reliance? (57-8) The Way of Self-Reliance is the working with our characteristics, controlling our lives and doing what is right and best for us. This is important because this allows people to be more unique as individuals. 16. How can we change ourselves effectively through the principles of Taoism? (58) We can change ourselves effectively through Taoism's principles by changing things that aren't beneficial to things that are. This will help to get rid of negative things a person has. 17. What is the Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way” according to Hoff? (67-8)
Wu Wei or "The Pooh Way" according to Hoff means to not go against the nature of things by not doing, causing or making things. This means to not change the nature of things and try to adjust them for benefits. 18. How does the quote, “Tao does not do, but nothing is not done,” explain Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way?” (70)
The quote means that the he follows Wu Wei by not changing what’s already there but instead accepting the nature of things as they are. The second half of the quote, "but nothing is not done" means that there is nothing to be done, and therefore everything is done. This is because things work in their own ways according to Wu Wei. 19. How does Tai Chi reflect Wu Wei or Taoism as a martial art? (87-8)
Tai Chi reflects to Wu Wei, there is no offensive combat--only a yielding movement to overcome the opposing force. Tai Chi, therefore, is a martial art that does not expend energy, similar to Wu Wei, where force is overcome by neutralizing its power rather than combatting in the same, reflecting way. 20. Are you a Bisy Backson? (94)
Yes, I am a Bisy Backson since I am doing something all the time and I am always busy. There is not a single moment when I am not doing any work, therefore, I am a Bisy Backson. 21. What is the Bisy Backson view of American history according to Hoff? (103-104)
Bisy Backson's views American history as ongoing fight and never felt comfortable and safe in the homeland. He thinks his ancestors were miserable, restless and lonely, which shows he was dissatisfied. 22. How does the Bisy Backson waste time by trying to save it? (108-109)
According to Hoff, time cannot be saved but it can only be used wisely. Bisy Backson doesn't use time wisely because he's trying to find ways to save time instead of finding a way to use time wisely. 23. What is the Youthful Immortal? (108-9)
The Youthful Immortal are the individuals who discovered the Secrets of Life at a young age, and was able to preserve a youthful appearance and energy. 24. What makes us happy in life the goals or the process we go through to reach the goals? Why? (111)
The process we go through to achieve our goals is what really makes us happy in life. This is because during the process to reach the goals, there is motivation and we have our goals that need to be achieved. When one achieves the goal, there are no more goals, and therefore, there is no motivation involved and a new goal gets set. There is nothing but feeling of emptiness when you have finally met the goals, therefore, the process is what makes us happy in life. 25. What is the significance of The Stonecutter? (118-9) The significance of The Stonecutter is that always be satisfied with yourself and your position in life, because nothing is going to change even if you are dissatisfied. The message in the story seemed to be clear about you are who you are and you can never change that fact. 26. Explain the significance of the following line from the Tao Te Ching: “From caring comes courage.” (128) This quote is important because it means that people can courageously help others who have cared for them by caring back for them. 27. Where does one find Wisdom, Happiness and Courage? (137) One can find Wisdom, Happiness and Courage by appreciating of who you are and what you’ve got. 28. What is the “Great Nothing?” (143) The “Great Nothing” in Taoism is actually something and it is considered to be important. Although nothing is nothing, by doing noting one can achieve peace. 29. Why is an “Empty sort of mind” so valuable according to Taoism? (146-7) An Empty sort of mind is very valuable to Taoism because it is able to find important things that are right in front it. Moreover it helps charge the spiritual energy and allows people to focus on things more clearly. 30. Interpret the following quote: “To attain knowledge, add things every day. To attain wisdom, remove things every day.” (148-9) This quote from Lao-tse means that wisdom is not something that can be learned but it is something that is forged as a result of lifes experiences, on theother hand, knowledge is information fained from a previous source. It is usually information gained through someone elses experiences. 31. Why is the child the highest stage of development? (151) Child is the highest stage of development because they are independent and clear minded, and therefore they have wisdom. Since their minds are empty with small knowledge they can acheive the “Great Nothing” by being able to see what is in front of them. 32. Why may knowledge and cleverness destroy life as we know it? (154) Knowledge and cleverness are things we search for in life. However, these can destroy our life because knowledge and cleverness limits our own thoughts and this stops from people thinking differently and unique. Instead of Knowledge and cleverness we must learn to value wisdom and contentment.
Tradition and Religion (Discussion Questions):
1. What do you think religion is, and what does it mean to be a religious person? Is Confucius religious? Give your reasons for thinking what you think.
I think religion is a system of faith and belief which is accepted by a group of people. I think to be a religious person, the person has to have a strong belief and be devoted to it. Confucius is religious because he believed and served spiritual beings and his deeds and he also believed in heaven.
2. What do Confucius's statements about Heaven suggest about his idea of the relation between Heaven and man? How does this compare with your ideas about the relation between Heaven and man or God and man in Judaism or Christianity or another religious tradition with which you are familiar?
Confucius’s statements suggests that heaven is very powerful and it decides everything. He says that wealth and honor depends on heaven and that heaven knows everything. This shows that the relationship between Heaven and man is very strong. One’s fate is decided by heaven. Heaven in Confucianism is similar with the God in Christianity in many ways because the God in Christianity has divine powers and decides the fate of everyone. Moreover, although the God knows everyone he doesn’t say anything like heaven, mentioned in Confucius’s statements.
Information
"Meditative Practices In Tendai Buddhism." Tendai Teachings. Web. 6 Sept. 2011. <www.tendai-lotus.org/meditative-practices-in-tendai-buddhism.html >.
Reed, Robert, Mar 30, and 2006. "Buddhist Channel | Buddhism News, Headlines | Arts & Culture | The splendor of Tendai art." Buddhist Channel | Buddhism News, Headlines | Bhutan: Reds all for green cremation. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=5,2491,0,0,1,0>.
"Tendai Marathon Monks - The Run of A Lifetime." HowToBeFit.com. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <www.howtobefit.com/tendai-marathon-monks.htm>.
"Tendai Teachings." Tendai Buddhist Institute. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <www.tendai.org/index.php?id=44>.
Photos
"A Parable — an Expedient Mean for Spiritual Cultivation." Grandmaster Wong Kiew Kit's Home Page on Shaolin Kungfu, Chi Kung, Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan) and Zen. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.shaolin.org/zen/parable.html>.
"Fudo Myoo - deity associated with the precepts of Tendai Buddhism." Buddhist Monastery - California Tendai. Web. 6 Sept. 2011. <http://caltendai.org/FudoMyoo.html>.
"Happy Birthday to You | Amritavarsham50." Amritavarsham 50 | Amritavarsham.orgAmritavarsham.org | Embracing the world for peace and harmony. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.amritavarsham.org/50/39>.
"Zen & Buddhism: Sutras, The Threads of Buddha's Teachings - ZENGUIDE.COM." Zen Guide: The Comprehensive Guide to Zen & Buddhism - Principles, Discussion, Practice, Community and Resources including RSS feeds. - ZENGUIDE.COM. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.zenguide.com/principles/sutras/>.
What do religion and philosophy have in common? Why is the study of religion and philosophy important?
Religion and philosophy both are ideas and beliefs accepted by many individuals. Although they have many followers religion and philosophy aren’t usually proven with strong evidence. Therefore, there is telling right or wrong to religion and philosophy. Furthermore, religion and philosophy both tries to persuade others and increase their followers.
The study of religion and philosophy are important because they play a big role in people’s lives. Many people have strong faith in a specific religion or philosophy they believe in, and it could be their motivation of life. Knowing the religion could help one's understanding of a culture and characteristics of the country. Moreover, these two ideas judge what is moral and teach lessons that you could apply to your daily life so it is crucial to study religion and philosophy. Religion Project - Sun Ha Park
How does your religion impact your identity? Be sure to describe your journey (even if it is on-going).
Attending weekly religious classes makes me religious
Praying whenever I'm having difficulties or when something good happens to me makes me feel good.
Shapes my personality by learning lessons and following the commencements
How does your religion impact your family?
Praying all the time
Getting Closer as a family
Being Moral
How does your religion impact your society (and even the world)?
Many schools are based on Christianity
The Commandments for Christianity enforces some laws
Large number of Churches in Korea
Current Events Project: Declining Birthrates in E. Asia
Christianity in Korea
-Yi Sunghun(Peter) brought Christianity to Korea in 1784
-Created the first Christian Church.
- 1978, 6.5million / Today 21million
Shintoism Chart:
Legalism Questions for Analysis:
1. In Han Fei's ideal state what is the supreme governing authority, the will of the ruler or the law?
In Han Fei's ideal state, the supreme governing authority is the will of the law. This is shown through The quotes, “To govern the state by law is to praise the right and blame the wrong” and "the intelligent sovereign makes the law select men and makes no arbitrary promotion himself"shows that the law was more powerful than the ruler, and it was the law that chose the ruler
2. What are the "Two Handles" and how important are they to a legalist state? Why must the sovereign never surrender control over the two handles?
The "Two Handles" are chastisement and commendation. This is very important to a legalist state to maintain order. The two handles allows the sovereign to have ultimate power and control the society. Therefore the sovereign must never surrender over the two handles because, without it the political and social stability will be weakened.
3.What roles do individuality and private initiative play in Han Fei's ideal state?
Individuality and private initiative play serves to keep order in the society.If one individual possesses good qualities they will be rewarded, and if not, they shall be punished. This idea is the same as the "Two Handles" giving chastisement and commendation.
4.Why do you think Legalism appealed to some people?
Legalism appeals to some people because of its fairness. In this system, if one does something wrong they will be punished and if one behaves well, they will be rewarded. This system is fair since, it applies to everyone in the society, so there is no distinction between the people from the upper and lower classes.
5.Imagine a series of conversations among a Daoist, a Confucian, and a Legalist. How would each respond on the following issues: What is the purpose of good government? What role does morality play in formulating law? What are the qualities of a superior ruler? The proposition "Might makes right."
A Daoists would respond by saying that the purpose of good government is to bring peace, by the government taking no action. The qualities of the superior ruler would be someone who values Wu-Wei greatly and has a simple mind. The morality plays no role in formulating a law
A Confucian would say that the purpose of good government is to govern people well by setting an good example by practicing morals in front of people. Morality play in formulating law by the relationships and respect between the people. The qualities of a superior ruler would be intelligence.
A Legalist would say that the purpose of a good government is enforcing laws and keeping the society stable. Morality depends heavily in formulating law and there is reward and punishment for the people. Qualities of a superior ruler would be strictness, fair and intelligent.
Essential Quotes of Taoism:
1. In Lectures on the Tao Teh Ching, Lao-Tzu says, that, "The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels". Does this quote have an equivalent to in Christianity? Are there other parts of the Tao Teh Ching that remind you of Christian ideals?
The quote “The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels” relates to Christianity because this idea is similar to Heaven and Hell in Christianity. The quote, “that which has no name is the origin of heaven and earth” shows the presence of God, since God doesn’t have a name.
2. See Passage 2, "Not honoring men....Not wanting rare things...Not paying attention..." How are does this help one understand how Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism found common ground and were not mutually exclusive belief systems?
This passage helps understand that Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism have common ideas. This passage shows how the three philosophies can coexist in a society by having a compromise between their beliefs. From the passage,"Not honoring men" is a Confucianism idea, "Not wanting rare things" is a Buddhist teaching and "Not paying attention" is Taoism teaching.
3. In Passage 2, what do you think is meant by the lines, "relaxing the mind, reinforcing the abdomen, gentling the will, strengthening the bones"?
I think the lines mean that one needs to have a relaxed mind, reinforced abdomen, gentle will and strengthened bones in order to achieve Inner Peace.This passage is a example of how Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism can be found common ground but not mutually exclusive belief systems. This is because, "relaxing the mind" is from Taoism, "reinforcing the abdomen" is from Confucianism's idea of gaining knowledge, "gentling the will" refers to Buddhism, however, in Buddhism this concept is stated as having no desire and not just gentling it. Last of all, "Strengthening the bones" refers to Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism focusing on Inner Peace within the body.
4. Consider the last three entries from D.C. Lau's Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu describes government. How is this ideal different from Confucius' ideal? What present day system of government are you reminded of when you read this section? Do you think this is a good system? Explain.
The entries from Tao Te Ching describing the government is different from Confucius’ ideal because, Confucius believed that a government must set a good example by showing morality and intelligence. Confucianism believed that if a government set a good example the people will all develop and become moral as well, however, Lao Tzu thought the opposite. Lao Tzu believed that peace can be only achieved when a society has no rules and the government is tolerant. Democracy is the type of government that I thought of as I was reading this section and I think this is a good idea because although without the government setting the examples and limiting actions to the people, they can have more freedom and come to peace.
5. Regarding the third treasure that Lao Tzu describes, what do you think is his message? Do you agree? What does this say about people who are ambitious?
I think the message regarding the third treasure is that someone who is modest will be able to achieve what they want to become and I agree with this idea. However, Lao Tzu states that people who are ambitious will fail to succeed since ambition will eventually lead to competition between others who want to achieve the same thing.
Chuang Tzu in dream became a butterfly,
And the butterfly became Chuang Tzu at waking.
Which was the real—the butterfly or the man ?
Who can tell the end of the endless changes of things?
The water that flows into the depth of the distant sea
Returns anon to the shallows of a transparent stream.
The man, raising melons outside the green gate of the city,
Was once the Prince of the East Hill.
So must rank and riches vanish.
You know it, still you toil and toil,—what for?
Why does the author choose a butterfly?
The author chooses the butterfly because butterflies go under metamorphosis, and this is similar to humans since humans go through a development as time passes. They develop from babies to adults. Butterflies brings up the idea related to the cycle of life.
What is the importance of the water cycle?
The water cycle symbolizes how everything is connected together and the size and the quantity doesn't matter since everything possess same qualities, similar with water.
What is the point about the 'man raising melons'?
The point about the man raising melons is that someone in a high rank can end up low. This is shown through raising melons, because this is considered to be done from the lower class. However, the overall message is that the rank or wealth doesn't matter but the happiness or the fullfilness one achieves is the thing that truly matters.
What is the author attempting to convey to the reader?
The author is trying to convey that there is a connection between everything, and working hard and achieving something that everyone desires is pointless and has no value, if you aren't happy with it. Moreover, through the poem the author presents ideas about the cycle of life, and how things change in nature and in people.
The Tao of Pooh Discussion Questions and Quotes
1. What is the significance of the painting Hoff describes named The Vinegar Tasters? (2)
The significance is that the painting shows a general idea of the three teachings of China. The Vinegar Tasters shows that Confucianism revolves around the idea that current life is more important than the after life, and that life is sour and dissatisfying. Buddhism is about suffering and this is why Buddha is making a bitter face, showing that life is bitter. Last of all, Lao-tse believes that life revolves around harmony and must be satisfied, so he is smiling.
2. What is the theme of life according to Hoff’s interpretation of Taoism? (5-6)
The theme of life according to Hoff's interpretation of Taoism is happiness. Accepting everything that happens in life leads to happiness. Taoism is about thinking in a positive way and learning from life and being happy.
3. How does Hoff explain the “uncarved block” metaphor? (10)
Hoff explains the uncarved block as something that is in its original state. Hoff states that original simplicity has power contained within it, and that the power can be spoiled by a change in the simplicity.
4. What is the secret message of the “uncarved block?” (12)
The secret message is simplicity, and how simplicity can be good and can accomplish things.
5. What was the main conflict between the Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff? (24)
The Tao scholars criticized the Confucianists by saying that they are surrounded by their own walls and that they were dedicating their life only to studies. The Taoists referred the Confucianists as people who weren't living their life correctly and wisely because they were restricted to their own beliefs and learnings, and this limited the uniqueness of the individuals.
6. Which of Milne’s characters represent Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff?
The characters Rabbit, Owl and Eeyore represents a Confucianists while the Pooh represented the Taoists.
7. What is Hoff’s opinion of Confucianist scholars? (26)
Hoff’s opinion towards the Confucianist scholars are negative. He believes that Confucianists are people who study the knowledge and don't share their learnings to a larger crowd but instead keeps their knowledge in small groups. The Confucianist scholars purposely writes in a difficult style to be understood to prevent the spread of their ideas and knowledge. Moreover, he states that Confucianist scholars are no help to the development to society and that they are not capable of being unique and thinking differently.
8. What does Hoff say about knowledge vs. experience? (29)
Hoff says knowledge and experience is different, and he values experience over knowledge. He states that learning earned through experience is more worthy and valuable than just the knowledge of something.
9. What do most scholars blame for problems in the world? Why isn’t it justified? (32)
Most scholars blame the “uncarved block” for all the problems in the world. However, this isn’t justified because most scholars fail to admit that it was their fault and not the “uncarved block.”
10. What is the difference between “cleverness” and “Inner Nature?” (38)
Cleverness has limitations, since they are proved inaccurate with passing time. On the other side, Inner Nature doesn't cannot be measured and it can't be understood.
11. Why is it important to discern your own Inner Nature? (41)
It is crucial to discern your Inner Nature, since it will allow you to know where you belong and don't belong. By discerning this, you can know what is right and wrong.
12. Explain Hoff’s interpretation of the Chinese quote: “One disease, long life; No disease, short life.” (48)
This quote means that people who admit what's wrong and can take care of themselves will live longer than others who consider themselves perfectly healthy, who denies their weakness. This shows that Hoff thinks that the mind people have towards their weakness can affect their lives greatly.
13. What does Hoff mean when he states that we must learn to “work with Things As They Are?” (50)
Hoff means that people need to learn to accept the natural qualities of things. He wants us to do recognize the Inner Nature of the things and just leave them the way they are.This shows that Hoff didn't want people to look for answers of questions but instead recognize things that are present.
14. What happens to people who do not listen to their Inner Nature? (57)
People who don't listen to their own Inner Nature will not be able to understand much about themselves. Without Inner Nature, these people will have little or no respect for themselves, and therefore they will be easily influenced by others.
15. What is the Way of Self-Reliance? (57-8)
The Way of Self-Reliance is the working with our characteristics, controlling our lives and doing what is right and best for us. This is important because this allows people to be more unique as individuals.
16. How can we change ourselves effectively through the principles of Taoism? (58)
We can change ourselves effectively through Taoism's principles by changing things that aren't beneficial to things that are. This will help to get rid of negative things a person has.
17. What is the Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way” according to Hoff? (67-8)
Wu Wei or "The Pooh Way" according to Hoff means to not go against the nature of things by not doing, causing or making things. This means to not change the nature of things and try to adjust them for benefits.
18. How does the quote, “Tao does not do, but nothing is not done,” explain Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way?” (70)
The quote means that the he follows Wu Wei by not changing what’s already there but instead accepting the nature of things as they are. The second half of the quote, "but nothing is not done" means that there is nothing to be done, and therefore everything is done. This is because things work in their own ways according to Wu Wei.
19. How does Tai Chi reflect Wu Wei or Taoism as a martial art? (87-8)
Tai Chi reflects to Wu Wei, there is no offensive combat--only a yielding movement to overcome the opposing force. Tai Chi, therefore, is a martial art that does not expend energy, similar to Wu Wei, where force is overcome by neutralizing its power rather than combatting in the same, reflecting way.
20. Are you a Bisy Backson? (94)
Yes, I am a Bisy Backson since I am doing something all the time and I am always busy. There is not a single moment when I am not doing any work, therefore, I am a Bisy Backson.
21. What is the Bisy Backson view of American history according to Hoff? (103-104)
Bisy Backson's views American history as ongoing fight and never felt comfortable and safe in the homeland. He thinks his ancestors were miserable, restless and lonely, which shows he was dissatisfied.
22. How does the Bisy Backson waste time by trying to save it? (108-109)
According to Hoff, time cannot be saved but it can only be used wisely. Bisy Backson doesn't use time wisely because he's trying to find ways to save time instead of finding a way to use time wisely.
23. What is the Youthful Immortal? (108-9)
The Youthful Immortal are the individuals who discovered the Secrets of Life at a young age, and was able to preserve a youthful appearance and energy.
24. What makes us happy in life the goals or the process we go through to reach the goals? Why? (111)
The process we go through to achieve our goals is what really makes us happy in life. This is because during the process to reach the goals, there is motivation and we have our goals that need to be achieved. When one achieves the goal, there are no more goals, and therefore, there is no motivation involved and a new goal gets set. There is nothing but feeling of emptiness when you have finally met the goals, therefore, the process is what makes us happy in life.
25. What is the significance of The Stonecutter? (118-9)
The significance of The Stonecutter is that always be satisfied with yourself and your position in life, because nothing is going to change even if you are dissatisfied. The message in the story seemed to be clear about you are who you are and you can never change that fact.
26. Explain the significance of the following line from the Tao Te Ching: “From caring comes courage.” (128)
This quote is important because it means that people can courageously help others who have cared for them by caring back for them.
27. Where does one find Wisdom, Happiness and Courage? (137)
One can find Wisdom, Happiness and Courage by appreciating of who you are and what you’ve got.
28. What is the “Great Nothing?” (143)
The “Great Nothing” in Taoism is actually something and it is considered to be important. Although nothing is nothing, by doing noting one can achieve peace.
29. Why is an “Empty sort of mind” so valuable according to Taoism? (146-7)
An Empty sort of mind is very valuable to Taoism because it is able to find important things that are right in front it. Moreover it helps charge the spiritual energy and allows people to focus on things more clearly.
30. Interpret the following quote: “To attain knowledge, add things every day. To attain wisdom, remove things every day.” (148-9)
This quote from Lao-tse means that wisdom is not something that can be learned but it is something that is forged as a result of lifes experiences, on theother hand, knowledge is information fained from a previous source. It is usually information gained through someone elses experiences.
31. Why is the child the highest stage of development? (151)
Child is the highest stage of development because they are independent and clear minded, and therefore they have wisdom. Since their minds are empty with small knowledge they can acheive the “Great Nothing” by being able to see what is in front of them.
32. Why may knowledge and cleverness destroy life as we know it? (154)
Knowledge and cleverness are things we search for in life. However, these can destroy our life because knowledge and cleverness limits our own thoughts and this stops from people thinking differently and unique. Instead of Knowledge and cleverness we must learn to value wisdom and contentment.
Tradition and Religion (Discussion Questions):
1. What do you think religion is, and what does it mean to be a religious person? Is Confucius religious?
Give your reasons for thinking what you think.
I think religion is a system of faith and belief which is accepted by a group of people. I think to be a religious person, the person has to have a strong belief and be devoted to it. Confucius is religious because he believed and served spiritual beings and his deeds and he also believed in heaven.
2. What do Confucius's statements about Heaven suggest about his idea of the relation between Heaven and man? How does this compare with your ideas about the relation between Heaven and man or God and man in Judaism or Christianity or another religious tradition with which you are familiar?
Confucius’s statements suggests that heaven is very powerful and it decides everything. He says that wealth and honor depends on heaven and that heaven knows everything. This shows that the relationship between Heaven and man is very strong. One’s fate is decided by heaven. Heaven in Confucianism is similar with the God in Christianity in many ways because the God in Christianity has divine powers and decides the fate of everyone. Moreover, although the God knows everyone he doesn’t say anything like heaven, mentioned in Confucius’s statements.
Confucius Says:
Notes on Confucius and Confucianism:
Karma Story:
Comparison Chart of Buddhist Sects:
Religious Sect - Tendai
Tendai Video
Bibliography
Information"Meditative Practices In Tendai Buddhism." Tendai Teachings. Web. 6 Sept. 2011. <www.tendai-lotus.org/meditative-practices-in-tendai-buddhism.html >.
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"Shingon and Tendai Buddhism." RE-XS for Higher Education. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/easia/shingon.html>.
"Tendai (T'ien Tai) Buddhism - ReligionFacts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the facts on the world's religions. Web. 6 Sept. 2011. <http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/sects/tendai.htm>.
"Tendai Marathon Monks - The Run of A Lifetime." HowToBeFit.com. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <www.howtobefit.com/tendai-marathon-monks.htm>.
"Tendai Teachings." Tendai Buddhist Institute. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <www.tendai.org/index.php?id=44>.
Photos
"A Parable — an Expedient Mean for Spiritual Cultivation." Grandmaster Wong Kiew Kit's Home Page on Shaolin Kungfu, Chi Kung, Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan) and Zen. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.shaolin.org/zen/parable.html>.
"Blue Lotus – Buddha – Diamond Sutra Quote « Buddha on the Wall." Buddha on the Wall. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://buddhaonthewall.wordpress.com/2009/06/24/blue-lotus-buddha-diamond-sutra-quote/>.
"British Museum - Search results for "Tendai"." British Museum - Welcome to the British Museum. Web. 5 Sept. 2011. <http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_results.aspx?searchText=Tendai&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&images=on&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=3>.
"Buddhist Monastery - California Tendai Photo Page." Buddhist Monastery - California Tendai. Web. 6 Sept. 2011. <http://caltendai.org/Photos.html>.
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What do religion and philosophy have in common? Why is the study of religion and philosophy important?
Religion and philosophy both are ideas and beliefs accepted by many individuals. Although they have many followers religion and philosophy aren’t usually proven with strong evidence. Therefore, there is telling right or wrong to religion and philosophy. Furthermore, religion and philosophy both tries to persuade others and increase their followers.
The study of religion and philosophy are important because they play a big role in people’s lives. Many people have strong faith in a specific religion or philosophy they believe in, and it could be their motivation of life. Knowing the religion could help one's understanding of a culture and characteristics of the country. Moreover, these two ideas judge what is moral and teach lessons that you could apply to your daily life so it is crucial to study religion and philosophy.
Religion Project - Sun Ha Park
How does your religion impact your identity? Be sure to describe your journey (even if it is on-going).
Attending weekly religious classes makes me religious
Praying whenever I'm having difficulties or when something good happens to me makes me feel good.
Shapes my personality by learning lessons and following the commencements
How does your religion impact your family?
Praying all the time
Getting Closer as a family
Being Moral
How does your religion impact your society (and even the world)?
Many schools are based on Christianity
The Commandments for Christianity enforces some laws
Large number of Churches in Korea
Buddhism Sect Video - Tendai